Characterization of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons found in Escherichia coli isolates from humans and animals in Korea

OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons found in Escherichia coli isolates from humans and animals in Korea were characterized. METHODS: E. coli isolates were examined for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Integrase genes were amplified. Gene cassette regions for classes 1 and 2 integrons were amplified and sequenced. Conjugal transfer and Southern hybridization were performed to determine the genetic localization of class 1 integrons. The clonal relationship of E. coli isolates carrying an identical cassette array was analysed by PFGE. RESULTS: Commensal E. coli isolates from animals were highly resistant to commonly used antimicrobial agents such as tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, ampicillin and carbenicillin. Integrons were most prevalent in commensal E. coli isolates from poultry (44%), followed by clinical isolates from humans (33%), commensal isolates from swine (23%) and humans (13%). dfrA17-aadA5, dfrA12-orfF-aadA2 and aadA1 were found most frequently in E. coli isolates from humans, poultry and swine, respectively. Class 1 integrons were mostly located in conjugative plasmids. E. coli isolates carrying an identical cassette array were phylogenetically unrelated. CONCLUSIONS: The use of antibiotics is strongly associated with antimicrobial resistance. E. coli isolates from different sources may select a specific gene cassette by antibiotic selective pressure, which results in differences in class 1 integrons. The horizontal transfer of class 1 integrons through conjugative plasmids seems to be responsible for wide dissemination of a particular type of class 1 integron.     

联合应用冰冻单采血小板与冷沉淀治疗弥散性血管内凝血

目的研究冰冻单采血小板与冷沉淀联合应用(冰冻联合组)治疗弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)的效果。方法将41例DIC患者随机分成两组：24例为冰冻联合组,17例为联合应用新鲜单采血小板和冷沉淀(新鲜联合组)。测定两组患者输前1 h和输后2 h指标：①凝血酶时间(TT)；②活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)；③凝血酶原时间(PT)；④纤维蛋白原(Fbg)；⑤血小板(PLT)；⑥统计比较两组输后24 h内续用悬浮红细胞量。结果冰冻联合组与新鲜联合组输后2 h比较：TT、PT、APTT及Fbg差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05),PLT显著减少(P＜0．05),24 h内人均续用红细胞量显著减少(P＜0．05)。结论冰冻单采血小板和冷沉淀联合应用治疗DIC具有更佳的止血疗效。     

冈上肌腱撕裂的磁共振诊断

目的　探讨外伤性冈上肌腱撕裂的MRI表现特点、诊断方法和关节腔MR造影的应用价值。方法　 18例均有明确的外伤史 ,开放性手术、关节镜检查或综合诊断最终明确 6例冈上肌腱完全撕裂、9例部分撕裂和 3例无撕裂。所有 18个病例均行常规SE序列MRI检查 ,另追加FE序列成像 11例、关节腔MR造影 9例、脂肪抑制序列成像 5例。结果　常规SE序列诊断冈上肌腱撕裂的准确率为 5 0 % (9/18) ,部分病例追加关节腔MR造影后准确率提高至 72 .2 % ;FE序列和脂肪抑制序列可提高检出病灶的敏感性。结论　冈上肌腱MRI诊断尚需采用SE序列、FE序列、脂肪抑制、关节腔造影等多种MR成像方法。     

A regulation role of the prefrontal cortex in the fist-edge-palm task: evidence from functional connectivity analysis

The Fist-Edge-Palm (FEP) task is a motor sequencing task that is widely used in neurological examination. Deficits in this task are believed to reflect impairment in the frontal lobe regions. However, two recent functional brain imaging studies of the FEP task using conventional subtraction analysis failed to demonstrate FEP-induced activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which contradicts existing neuropsychological literature. In this study, psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis was used to reanalyze our previous neuroimaging dataset from 10 healthy subjects in order to evaluate the changes of functional connectivity between the sensorimotor cortex and the prefrontal regions during the performances of the FEP task relative to simple motor control tasks. The PPI analysis revealed significantly increased functional connectivity between bilateral sensorimotor cortex and the right inferior and middle frontal cortex during the performance of the FEP task compared with the control tasks. However, regional signal changes showed no significant activation differences in these prefrontal regions. These results provide evidence supporting the involvement of the frontal lobe in the performance of the FEP task, and suggest a role of regulation, rather than direct participation, of the prefrontal cortex in the execution of complex motor sequence tasks such as the FEP task.     

CT诊断颈椎间盘突出症的探讨(附640例报告)

目的探讨颈椎间盘突出症的CT诊断价值。方法将640例颈椎间盘突出症的临床表现与CT表现结合进行分析。结果颈椎间盘突出症多为多节段性,常发生于C4~5及C5~6,C5~6最多见,本组病例中共539例,占84.2%。本组将颈椎间盘突出分为:中央型,旁中央型,侧方型及椎间盘膨出型。结论CT诊断颈椎间盘突出症方便、快速、准确。     

2007年四川省流感监测分析

目的　了解四川省流感流行状况，为制定流感防制策略提供依据。 方法　用鸡胚和犬肾传代细胞分离病毒，用血凝抑制试验鉴定毒株。通过国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统、突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统和流感/人禽流感专报系统收集四川省流感及流感样病例（ILI）监测资料，对其流行病学、病原学以及流感暴发疫情监测结果进行分析。 结果　四川省ILI逐年减少，没有明显的就诊高峰。共报告流感暴发疫情9起，主要在3-4月，以农村中小学为主。在879份ILI标本中共分离到流感毒株100株， 分离率11.38％。主要为H3型和B型， 分别占52%和45%。 结论　需要加强四川省流感监测和流感病毒抗原变异研究，同时加强农村中小学暴发疫情监测。     

Searching health information via the web: Hong Kong chinese older adults' experience

OBJECTIVE AND SAMPLE: This paper reports on the learning experience of 88 Chinese older adults who attended a health Web-navigating workshop. DESIGN: Through a 3-hr training workshop, participants were guided to browse through seven health Web sites that provide authoritative health information by the Hong Kong government, academic institutions, or professional bodies. METHODS: Upon completion of the workshop, an evaluation was made of the participants' confidence in navigating health Web sites by themselves at home and in utilizing the health information sources. RESULTS: The findings indicated that participants' confidence in seeking health information via the Internet was not associated with their age, educational level, or experience of using computers before the workshop but was significantly associated with their satisfaction with the workshop (p<.05). Significant change of source of health information was noted at follow-up, suggesting that the workshop was successful. CONCLUSIONS: Implications of the results for running health Web-navigating programs among Chinese older adults are discussed.     

Staff perceptions of substance use among acute psychiatry in-patients

This paper reports on a small-scale study undertaken in two inner city acute psychiatric wards to identify the proportion of patients known to use drugs or alcohol and the perceptions of staff regarding these patients. Data collection involved a retrospective audit of patient notes and the administration of a questionnaire to nursing staff. The findings were broadly consistent with other research studies. Over half of the patient sample was reported to use illicit drugs or alcohol and in one third of cases this use was thought to have contributed to their current admission. Questionnaire results indicated that staff felt ill-equipped to offer an adequate response although all respondents welcomed opportunities to develop their knowledge and skills. The findings are discussed in light of the existing literature, and some tentative conclusions are drawn concerning the development and provision of effective integrated services for individuals with psychiatric and psychoactive substance use disorders.     

舒血宁注射液(雪乐通)治疗急性脑梗死的临床评价

【目的】评价舒血宁注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。【方法】选择 180例急性脑梗死病人 ,随机分为治疗组 90例及对照组 90例 ,治疗组采用常规内科治疗和舒血宁注射液静点 ,对照组仅给予常规内科治疗。【结果】治疗组及对照组的有效率分别为 87.6 %和 76 .8% ,两组组内治疗前后及治疗后两组间的神经功能缺损积分值比较 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,治疗组的血脂、血流变明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。【结论】舒血宁注射液不仅治疗急性脑梗死的疗效显著 ,而且可显著降低血脂及血流变。     

Cyclooxygenase expression in splanchnic hyposensitivity to glypressin of bleeding portal hypertensive rats

BACKGROUND: Prostacyclin mediates, at least partly, the splanchnic vascular hyporesponsiveness to glypressin in bleeding portal hypertensive rats. This study investigated the relative contribution of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the splanchnic hyposensitivity to glypressin in rats with portal hypertension induced by partial portal vein ligation (PVL). METHODS: Fourteen days after the operation, the rats were divided into without- and with-bleeding groups. Three series of PVL rats were used to investigate (i). the haemodynamic effects of glypressin (0.07 mg x kg(-1) intravenously), (ii). COX-1/COX-2 mRNA expression over abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery and (iii). plasma levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1alpha. In rats with a hypotensive haemorrhage, 4.5 mL of blood was withdrawn and 50% of the withdrawn blood was re-infused before blood and vessel sampling or the administration of glypressin. RESULTS: Splanchnic hyposensitivity to glypressin was demonstrated in the haemorrhage-transfused PVL rats with enhanced COX-1 expression of superior mesenteric artery and increased plasma levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1alpha. There were no differences in the COX-2 expression of superior mesenteric artery and COX-1 and COX-2 expressions of abdominal aorta between without- and with-bleeding groups. CONCLUSION: In portal hypertensive rats with acute haemorrhage, COX-1 over-expression in the superior mesenteric artery plays a role in mediating the splanchnic hyposensitivity to glypressin.